18650s lithium ion battery pack:
I just finished putting together this pack (my first). I started off taking photos as I went along, but I soon found myself a couple hands short, and could not work the camera.
I set up my little work station with everything I needed to build my pack. Starting bottom right corner, and moving clockwise:
solder station (& solder), hilt (not needed for the task, but pictured for size references), 18650 cells (I bought 4, but will only be using 2 for this battery pack. The other 2 are set aside for another project), PCB, JST connectors, trimmers, 20g wire, small pliers, shrink tubing, helping hands. Not pictured is my pocket multi-tool.
First, I used the file on my multi-tool to scratch the (+) and (-) contacts of the cells, to give something for the solder to grab onto. Note: at this point photo documentation gets put on the back burner. Besides, the whole battery pack tutorial has been done before, and far better than I could ever do. Slothfurnace just showed how he made his 4AAA pack. The difference is, he is using individually protected cells, and I am using unprotected cells, and a common PCB. 90% of the process is the same.
1. Scuff the contacts of the Li-ion cells
2. Briefly heat, then pre-tin the contacts with a button of solder
3. Using a scrap of wire, connect the (+) of the first cell to the (-) of the second
This is where it is a little different. A second scrap of wire is needed to run from the (+) of the first cell to the "Bu" pad of the PCB.
4. Briefly heat, then pre-tin all the solder pads of the PCB with a button of solder
5. Using a scrap of wire, connect the (+) of the first cell to the 'Bu' pad of the PCB
Once this scrap of wire is soldered in place, straighten out the pack to 'stick' formation, rather than side by side. 18650 cells are too wide to fit side by side in a MHS part (without extreme modification of the MHS part).
6. Connect the (-) of the first cell to the "B-" pad of the PCB.
7. Connect the (+) of the second cell to the "B+" pad of the PCB.
8. Trim the wires of the female end of a JST connector to the desired length, then connect the (-) black wire to the "P-" pad of the PCB, and the (+) red wire to the "P+" pad of the PCB.
9. Using a small piece of clear heat shrink tubing, cover both ends of the assembled battery pack, and secure with electrical tape. Using a lighter, heat gun, or hair dryer, shrink the clear tubing to insulate both ends of the pack.
10. Insert the entire assembled pack into the large shrink tube, leaving the JST connector hanging out one end. Write all the pertinent information about the newly assembled pack on the outside of the heat shrink tubing before shrinking. Using a lighter, heat gun, or hair dryer, shrink the tubing around the assembled pack to secure everything in place.
I then plugged the male end of the JST connector into the battery pack, and connected it to my Li-ion smart charger, set at 7.4V, and am letting it fully charge.